肾结石:在肾脏内形成的坚硬矿物质/盐类沉积物,可能引起腰背部剧痛、血尿、恶心等症状;较小者可随尿液排出,较大者可能需要医疗处理。(也常简称为 stone)
/ˈkɪdni stoʊn/
I had a kidney stone last year, and it was extremely painful.
我去年得了肾结石,疼得非常厉害。
If a kidney stone blocks the urinary tract, it can cause severe pain and may require treatment to remove it.
如果肾结石堵住了尿路,会引起剧烈疼痛,并可能需要治疗将其取出。
Kidney 来自古英语 cwið(意为“子宫/腹部内部”一类的概念,后来指向“肾”这一器官),stone 源自古英语 stān(“石头”)。组合成 kidney stone,字面意思就是“肾里的石头”,形象地描述其硬块状沉积物的特征。