Backshift
定义 Definition
(语法)时态后移:在转述(间接引语)中,当主句动词为过去时,常把从句里的时态相应“往过去推移”,以保持时态一致(但在表达普遍真理、仍然有效的事实等情况下,未必需要后移)。
例句 Examples
She said she was tired.
她说她很累。(原话常为:I am tired.)
He explained that the train had left before they arrived, which is why they missed it.
他解释说火车在他们到达之前就已经开走了,所以他们才错过了。
发音 Pronunciation (IPA)
/ˈbækʃɪft/
词源 Etymology
**back-**(向后)+ shift(移动、转移)。在语法学里用来形象描述“把时态往后挪一步”的现象,常见于英语的间接引语与从句时态配合讨论中。
相关词 Related Words
文学与名著用例 Literary Works
- A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language(Quirk, Greenbaum, Leech & Svartvik)
- The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language(Huddleston & Pullum)
- Practical English Usage(Michael Swan)
- An Introduction to the Grammar of English(Elly van Gelderen)